Panama Canal: The Endless Debate of the Carter-Torrijos Treaties
  • Title
  • Home
  • Background
  • Debate and Diplomacy
    • The Great Debate
    • Treaty and the Public
    • Treaty and the Senators
    • Carter the Chief Diplomat
    • Victory at Last
    • Senator List
  • Consequences, Successes and Failures
    • Short Term
    • Long Term
    • Unintended Consequences
  • Conclusion
  • Political Cartoons
  • Process Paper
  • Bibliography

Wording of the Treaty

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Opponents:

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"Many Senators remained concerned, however, over whether the language of the treatiesoffered sufficient legal protection of U.S. rights to protect the Canal and expedite the passage of U.S. ships through it in case of war or emergency" - David Skidmore, Jimmy Carter and the Battle over the Ratification of the Panama Canal Treaties
 
"The treaty meant different things to the two parties and that the differences impinged on the most important part of the these treaties - the portion which bears directly on our vital national defense interests." - Senator Dole, 15 Oct 1977



Proponents:

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"Carter maintained that the treaties provided sufficient guarantees of these rights, the Administration was forced to make a series of compromises that were designed to strengthen the treaties' assurances in these regards"- David Skidmore, Jimmy Carter and the Battle over the Ratification of the Panama Canal Treaties

"The administration allowed all six reservations and seven understandings to the two treaties, in addition to the two leadership amendments..." -Limits of Victory,  George Moffat III, page 96.


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"Fear of Communism"
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